Rinse beans thoroughly, discarding any debris.

Place beans in a pot with 6 cups water, onion chunk, bay leaf, and salt.

Bring to a boil, then reduce heat and simmer for 1 to 2 hours, until beans are tender but not falling apart.

Add water if needed to keep beans submerged.

Drain beans, reserving about ¼ cup bean cooking water; set aside.

In a large pot over medium heat, cook bacon until crispy (~5 min), leaving rendered fat in the pot.

Add chopped onion and garlic; sauté until translucent and fragrant.

Stir in ham or sausage, tomatoes, chopped jalapeño or serrano, cilantro, oregano, paprika, cumin, and black pepper. Cook for ~5 minutes to meld flavors.

Add cooked beans, reserved bean water, and 12 oz dark beer to the pot.

Bring mixture to a simmer and cook uncovered for about 15 minutes, allowing the beer to reduce slightly and flavors to meld.

Taste and adjust salt, pepper, or spices as needed.